American Government

Steady encouragement

After each new topic is presented, students answer a few questions about the main ideas. This helps students stay focused, actively process the information, and construct new knowledge.

Presentation and exploration

Sixteen chapters offer concise presentation of key concepts. An additional 32 investigations guide students through the examination of real-world artifacts and case studies to put the concepts into context and test the limits of the ideas presented.

Study questions

More than 1,000 study questions encourage close reading and guide students to key information.

Everything you need

Central Ideas in American Government provides everything you need for an online course—including the text, interactive investigations, lecture slides, a test bank, and an analytics dashboard. And we can tailor the webtext to match your program’s emphasis, term length, student expectations, and assignment types.

1. The Founding and Constitution
   1. Central Ideas
   2. I. The Constitution
   3. Declaring Independence
   4. The Articles of Confederation
   5. Negotiating the Constitution
   6. A New Government
   7. II. Major Principles
   8. Federalism as a Principle
   9. III. Government Powers
   10. The Articles of the Constitution
   11. Investigation: Comparing Constitutions (Part 1 of 2)
   12. Investigation: Comparing Constitutions (Part 2 of 2)
   13. Amending the Constitution
   14. Twenty-Seven Amendments and Counting
   15. Investigation: Till We Have Suffrage: The Amendment (Part 1 of 2)
   16. Investigation: Till We Have Suffrage: The Amendment (Part 2 of 2)
   17. IV. Amending Difficulties
   18. The Contentious Constitution
   19. The Living Document
2. Federalism
   1. Central Ideas
   2. I. Establishing a Federal System
   3. II. Nation vs. State
   4. Investigation: Supreme Court Stories: McCulloch v. Maryland (Part 1 of 2)
   5. Investigation: Supreme Court Stories: McCulloch v. Maryland (Part 2 of 2)
   6. Dual Federalism
   7. Cooperative Federalism
   8. Coercive Federalism
   9. New Federalism
   10. Brief History of Federalism
   11. III. Power Shifts
   12. Crises
   13. Technological Developments
   14. The Commerce Clause
   15. Differing Political Ideas
   16. IV. Strengths and Weaknesses
   17. Investigation: Half Baked (Part 1 of 2)
   18. Investigation: Half Baked (Part 2 of 2)
   19. An Essential Tension
3. Civil Liberties
   1. Central Ideas
   2. I. Protection of Individuals
   3. II. Core Protections and Limits
   4. Amendment I: Freedom of Religion
   5. Amendment I: Freedom of Speech
   6. Amendment I: Symbolic Speech
   7. Investigation: Bong Hits 4 Jesus (Part 1 of 2)
   8. Investigation: Bong Hits 4 Jesus (Part 2 of 2)
   9. Amendment I: Limits to Free Speech
   10. Amendment I: Assembly and the Press
   11. Amendment II: Firearms
   12. Amendment IV: Searches and Seizures
   13. Amendment V: Due Process
   14. Amendment VI: Fair Trials
   15. Amendment VIII: Cruel and Unusual Punishment
   16. III. Protections Extended
   17. Religious Freedom and Incorporation
   18. Selective Incorporation
   19. IV. Changing Interpretation
   20. Privacy Rights and Abortion
   21. Privacy Rights and Sexuality
   22. Investigation: Older than the Bill of Rights (Part 1 of 2)
   23. Investigation: Older than the Bill of Rights (Part 2 of 2)
   24. The Right to Die
   25. The Future of Civil Liberties
4. Civil Rights
   1. Central Ideas
   2. I. Equal Protection
   3. Affirmative Action
   4. II. Early Expansion of Civil Rights
   5. Reconstruction and Jim Crow
   6. The First Feminists
   7. Investigation: Till We Have Suffrage: The Movement (Part 1 of 2)
   8. Investigation: Till We Have Suffrage: The Movement (Part 2 of 2)
   9. III. Further Expansion of Civil Rights
   10. Desegregating Education
   11. Investigation: Supreme Court Stories: Brown v. Board (Part 1 of 2)
   12. Investigation: Supreme Court Stories: Brown v. Board (Part 2 of 2)
   13. Desegregating Transportation
   14. Civil Rights Legislation
   15. Expanding Women’s Rights
   16. Women’s Rights Today
   17. Judicial Standards of Review
   18. IV. Rights for Diverse Groups
   19. LGBT Rights
   20. Civil Rights or Civil Wrongs?
5. Congress
   1. Central Ideas
   2. I. Democratic Ideals of Congress
   3. Differences Between the Houses
   4. Apportionment and Redistricting
   5. Investigation: Drawing Political Lines (Part 1 of 2)
   6. Investigation: Drawing Political Lines (Part 2 of 2)
   7. II. The Process of Making Laws
   8. III. Parties and Committees
   9. Parties
   10. Party Influence and Control
   11. Unified vs. Divided Government
   12. Committees
   13. Investigation: Setting the Legislative Agenda (Part 1 of 2)
   14. Investigation: Setting the Legislative Agenda (Part 2 of 2)
   15. IV. Considering Multiple Influences
   16. Legislative Decision Making
   17. The People vs. Congress
   18. Delegate vs. Trustee Models of Representation
   19. Balancing Competing Interests
   20. Congress in a Nutshell
6. The Presidency
   1. Central Ideas
   2. I. The President’s Many Roles
   3. Executive Powers
   4. Executive Orders and Privilege
   5. Legislative Powers
   6. Judicial Powers
   7. Diplomatic Powers
   8. Military Powers
   9. II. Growth in Presidential Power
   10. Policies and Programs
   11. Parties and Media
   12. Globalization
   13. Interpretation and Delegation
   14. III. Limits on Power
   15. Impeachment
   16. Investigation: The Broken Presidency (Part 1 of 2)
   17. Investigation: The Broken Presidency (Part 2 of 2)
   18. IV. Presidential Performance
   19. Assessing Performance
   20. Investigation: Eavesdropping on the Oval Office: LBJ’s First Days (Part 1 of 2)
   21. Investigation: Eavesdropping on the Oval Office: LBJ’s First Days (Part 2 of 2)
   22. Hail to the Chief
7. Bureaucracy
   1. Central Ideas
   2. I. Implementing Laws
   3. Executive Branch Organization
   4. Presidential Power
   5. Legislative Oversight
   6. Investigation: Old MacDonald Had an Agency (Part 1 of 2)
   7. Investigation: Old MacDonald Had an Agency (Part 2 of 2)
   8. Issue Networks
   9. II. Growth of the Bureaucracy
   10. The Progressive Era
   11. The New Deal
   12. The Great Society
   13. The Reagan Revolution
   14. The Bureaucracy Today
   15. III. Bureaucratic Power
   16. Investigation: Implementing the ACA (Part 1 of 2)
   17. Investigation: Implementing the ACA (Part 2 of 2)
   18. Limits to Power
   19. IV. Reforming the Bureaucracy
   20. Devolution and Privatization
   21. Sailing on the Seas of Paperwork
8. The Judiciary
   1. Central Ideas
   2. I. Article III
   3. Jurisdiction
   4. II. Expanding Judicial Power
   5. Judicial Review
   6. Investigation: Supreme Court Stories: Marbury v. Madison (Part 1 of 2)
   7. Investigation: Supreme Court Stories: Marbury v. Madison (Part 2 of 2)
   8. III. Choosing Cases
   9. Access to the Supreme Court
   10. The Decision-Making Process
   11. IV. Executive and Legislative Influence
   12. The Judicial Nomination Process
   13. The Court Today
   14. V. Influences on Judges’ Decisions
   15. Personal Experience
   16. Judicial Philosophy
   17. Political Ideology
   18. Political Context
   19. Investigation: The Path to Marriage Equality (Part 1 of 2)
   20. Investigation: The Path to Marriage Equality (Part 2 of 2)
   21. The Amazing Technicolor Supreme Court
9. Public Opinion
   1. Central Ideas
   2. I. Influences on Public Opinion
   3. Investigation: Am I Blue, Purple, or Red? (Part 1 of 2)
   4. Investigation: Am I Blue, Purple, or Red? (Part 2 of 2)
   5. II. Political Socialization
   6. Factors of Socialization
   7. III. Properly Conducted Polls
   8. Investigation: Exit Poll Controversies (Part 1 of 2)
   9. Investigation: Exit Poll Controversies (Part 2 of 2)
   10. Basics of Scientific Polling
   11. IV. Public Opinion and Elected Leaders
   12. Paying Attention to the Public
   13. Presidential Approval Ratings
   14. Congressional Approval Ratings
   15. The Voice of the People
10. The Media
    1. Central Ideas
    2. I. Evolution of Content and Standards
    3. The Partisan Press Era
    4. Sensationalism and Muckraking
    5. The Professional Era
    6. Watchdog Journalism
    7. The Era of Infotainment
    8. II. Media Influence on Politics
    9. Agenda Setting
    10. Priming
    11. Framing
    12. Persuasion
    13. Investigation: Making the News (Part 1 of 2)
    14. Investigation: Making the News (Part 2 of 2)
    15. III. The Rise of the Aggregators
    16. Aggregators and Ethics
    17. Selective Exposure
    18. Civil Discourse
    19. Investigation: #Divide (Part 1 of 2)
    20. Investigation: #Divide (Part 2 of 2)
    21. Media Matters
11. Voting and Political Participation
    1. Central Ideas
    2. I. Political Participation
    3. Forms of Participation
    4. Forces Behind Participation
    5. Demographics Behind Participation
    6. Investigation: We the Protestors (Part 1 of 2)
    7. Investigation: We the Protestors (Part 2 of 2)
    8. II. Partisan Loyalty
    9. Policy Issues
    10. Candidate Characteristics
    11. Other Factors
    12. III. Declining Voter Turnout
    13. Low Turnout Compared
    14. Vote or Die?
    15. Investigation: License to Vote (Part 1 of 2)
    16. Investigation: License to Vote (Part 2 of 2)
    17. The Will of the People
12. Elections and Campaigns
    1. Central Ideas
    2. I. Ensuring Political Legitimacy
    3. Congressional Elections
    4. Incumbents vs. Challengers
    5. Investigation: The Year of the Woman (Part 1 of 2)
    6. Investigation: The Year of the Woman (Part 2 of 2)
    7. Presidential Elections
    8. The Primary Season
    9. National Conventions
    10. The Electoral College
    11. Electoral College: Good or Bad?
    12. Investigation: Getting into the Electoral College (Part 1 of 2)
    13. Investigation: Getting into the Electoral College (Part 2 of 2)
    14. II. Campaign Strategies
    15. Campaign Finance
    16. III. The Evolution of Campaigns
    17. Candidate-Centered Campaigns
    18. Once Upon a Tuesday
13. Political Parties
    1. Central Ideas
    2. I. Three Components of Parties
    3. The Party Organization
    4. The Party in Government
    5. The Party in the Electorate
    6. The Role of Parties in Governance
    7. II. The Two-Party System
    8. Implications of the Two-Party System
    9. Investigation: Third Wheels (Part 1 of 2)
    10. Investigation: Third Wheels (Part 2 of 2)
    11. III. Republicans and Democrats
    12. 1796–1827
    13. 1828–1859
    14. The Critical Election of 1860
    15. The Critical Election of 1896
    16. The Critical Election of 1932
    17. The 1960s to Today
    18. Investigation: 2016 Party Platforms (Part 1 of 2)
    19. Investigation: 2016 Party Platforms (Part 2 of 2)
    20. Party On
14. Interest Groups
    1. Central Ideas
    2. I. Interest Groups Defined
    3. Types of Interest Groups
    4. The Politics of Health Care Reform
    5. Lobbying
    6. Investigation: Evil Lobbyists (Part 1 of 2)
    7. Investigation: Evil Lobbyists (Part 2 of 2)
    8. Election Activity
    9. Other Forms of Influence
    10. II. Forming and Maintaining a Group
    11. Joining Interest Groups
    12. Investigation: The American Pizza Community (Part 1 of 2)
    13. Investigation: The American Pizza Community (Part 2 of 2)
    14. Forming Interest Groups
    15. III. Inequities in Representation
    16. IV. The Value of Interest Groups
    17. Overreaching Underdogs?
15. Public Policy
    1. Central Ideas
    2. I. Public Policy Defined
    3. What Is Policy?
    4. Policymaking in a Separated System
    5. The Everlasting Policy Machine
    6. II. The Policymaking Process
    7. Agenda Setting
    8. Policy Formulation and Adoption
    9. Policy Implementation
    10. Investigation: Health Care: Quality (Part 1 of 2)
    11. Investigation: Health Care Quality (Part 2 of 2)
    12. Policy Evaluation
    13. III. Categories of Public Policy
    14. Domestic Policy
    15. The Affordable Care Act
    16. Foreign Policy
    17. Diplomacy
    18. Trade
    19. National Security
    20. Investigation: Bombing for Peace (Part 1 of 2)
    21. Investigation: Bombing for Peace (Part 2 of 2)
    22. Economic Policy
    23. The Federal Budget
    24. Monetary Policy
    25. IV. Disagreement over Public Policy
    26. How Do You Solve a Problem Like Policy?
16. State and Local Government
    1. Central Ideas
    2. I. Political Cultures Among the States
    3. Engagement and Public Policy
    4. Investigation: These Divided States (Part 1 of 2)
    5. Investigation: These Divided States (Part 2 of 2)
    6. II. State Constitutions and Their Structures
    7. The Long and Short of It: State Constitutions
    8. Amending State Constitutions
    9. III. Managing from the Middle
    10. Issues of Funding
    11. Investigation: Managing Guns in America (Part 1 of 2)
    12. Investigation: Managing Guns in America (Part 2 of 2)
    13. IV. Citizens and Their Government
    14. State and Local Politics at Work
    15. Government by the People

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Authors

Jocelyn Evans, PhD
University of West Florida

Kristy Michaud, PhD
California State University–Northridge

Publisher

David Lindrum

Executive Editor

Mary Jane Lindrum

Managing Editor

Jacob Caselli

Deputy Managing Editor

Georgia Mason

Development Editor

Autumn McGimsey

Copy Editors

Laura Traister
Ernesto Yermoli

Production Editor

Nancy Woods

Assistant Production Editor

Stephen Clark

Photo Research & Permissions

Zara Elizabeth Crockett

Illustrations

Travis Fetting

User Interface Design

Olumuyiwa Ayandosu
Clint McFarlin

Software Developers

Matthew Bennink
David Perkowski

Investigation Development Editors

Zara Elizabeth Crockett
Autumn McGimsey

Investigation Contributors

Jennie Linder Cunningham, MA
Texas A&M University–Kingsville

Jocelyn Evans, PhD
University of West Florida

Lilly Goren, PhD
Carroll University

Jessica Hayden, MA
University of West Florida

Kristy Michaud, PhD
California State University–Northridge

Cynthia Newton, PhD
Wesley College

Tressa Tabares, PhD
American River College

Advisors

Lilly Goren, PhD
Carroll University

Erin Richards, MA
Cascadia Community College

Peer Reviewers

Jean-Marc Akakpo
Kennesaw State University

Scott Buchanan, PhD
The Citadel

Michelle Buehlmann,
Northern Virginia Community College

Toney Carey, Jr., PhD
University of North Texas

Larry Carter, PhD
University of Texas-Arlington

Carl D. Cavalli, PhD
North Georgia College

Linda C. Davis, MA
Hillsborough Community College

Matthew DeSantis, PhD
Guilford Technical Community College

Gregory Domin, PhD
Columbus State University

Michael Evans, PhD
Georgia State University

Bailey R. Fairbanks
Georgia State University

Anna McCaghren Fleming
Georgia State University

David Hill, PhD
Stetson University

Parakh Hoon, PhD
South Puget Sound Community College

Gary Johnson, PhD
Weber State University

Joseph Jozwiak, PhD
Texas A&M University—Corpus Christi

William Kelly, PhD
Auburn University

Marvin King, PhD
University of Mississippi

Robert J. King, PhD
Georgia Perimeter College

Glen Krutz, PhD
University of Oklahoma

Julie Lester, PhD
Macon State College

Christie Maloyed, PhD
University of Nebraska–Kearney

Benjamin Melusky, MA
University of Pittsburgh

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West Virginia University

Dwight Mullen, PhD
University of North Carolina—Asheville (ret.)

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Mayia Shulga, PhD
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Tressa Tabares, PhD
American River College

Christopher Witt, PhD
Augustana College

Shawn Williams, PhD
Campbellsville University

David Woodard, PhD
Clemson University